Method for Determining the Number of Maintenance Personnel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v25i2.3181Keywords:
Maintenance, Worker, Probability, Reliability, Availability, MaintainabilityAbstract
Reducing the number of workers (downsizing) is a strategic step for companies to increase their competitiveness. With downsizing, worker productivity is expected to increase; therefore, the company's financial performance can improve. For the quantitative accuracy of downsizing to be achieved, it is necessary to measure the workload of the related work. Measuring the workload on maintenance work is difficult because of the varying nature of the work activities (e.g., frequency, duration, complexity). This study aims to develop a method for calculating the number of workers working in maintenance. The developed method is based on a combination of time study and RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) methods. The number of maintenance workers is determined by calculating the Full-time equivalent value (the ratio between the actual total working hours and the maximum scheduled working hours). A full-time equivalent value greater than one indicates a workload that is too large (over-utilized), and a full-time equivalent value of less than one indicates a workload that is too small (underutilized). The method developed was then tested in a case study on maintenance work at a mining company. The results show that the proposed method can be used as input for decision-makers in determining the number of workers on maintenance work.
References
Abdul-Samad, A.G., Azizan, M.A., Khairuddin, M.H. & Johari, M.K. (2022). Effect of Mental Workload on Heart Rate Variability and Reaction Time of Aircraft Maintenance Personnel. In: Hassan, M.H.A., et al. Human-Centered Technology for a Better Tomorrow. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4115-2_50
Abernethy, R., B. (2004). The New Weibull Handbook. Robert B. Abernethy Publisher
Ahammer, A., Dominik, G. & Rudolf, W. (2021). The Health Externalities of Downsizing. CINCH Series No. 2021/02. University of Duisburg-Essen. https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/74533
Akhundov, N., Tahirov, N. & Glock, C. H. (2022). Optimal Scheduling of Waitstaff with Different Experience Levels at a Restaurant Chain. Journal on Applied Analytics, 52(4), 324-343. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2022.1124
Alhaag, M. H., Ramadan, M. Z., Al-harkan, I. M., Alessa, F. M., Alkhalefah, H., Abidi, M. H. & Sayed, A. E. (2022). Determining the fatigue associated with different task complexity during maintenance operations in males using electromyography features. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 88, 103273.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103273.
Alnahedh, M. & Alrashdan, A. (2021). To downsize or not to downsize: when and how does corporate downsizing create long-term value? Journals Management Research Review, 44(11).
https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2020-0552
Arfandi Ahmad, A., Rauf, N., Alisyahbana, T., Pawennari, A., Lantara, D., Malik, R., Dahlan, M. & Mahenra, Y. (2021). Determination of The Optimal Number of Employees Using the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Method at PT. XYZ. Journal Of Industrial Engineering Management, 6(3), 239-246.
http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jiem.v6i3.1071
Aulia, S. F., Alayyannur, P. A., Dwiyanti, E., Martiana, T. & Arini, S. Y. (2021). Correlation between Workload and Work Environment with Work Stress. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 15(1), 1846. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13678
Azizova, Z. (2024). Analysis and results of accounting for current repair costs in budget organizations. Scientific Collection «InterConf», (203), 40–44.
https://archive.interconf.center/index.php/conference-proceeding/article/view/6376
Baç, N. & Ekmekçi, I. (2021). Psychosocial risk assessment using COPSOQ II questionnaire - A case study with maintenance workers in a metal plant in Istanbul Turkey. Heliyon, 7(4), 6777.
https://10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06777
Brauer, M., & Zimmermann, M. (2019). Investor Response to Workforce Downsizing: The Influence of Industry Waves, Macroeconomic Outlook, and Firm Performance. Journal of Management, 45(5), 1775-1801. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317734901
Delorme, X., Dolgui, A., Kovalev, S. & Kovalyov, M. Y. (2019). Minimizing the number of workers in a paced mixed-model assembly line. European Journal of Operational Research, 272(1), 188-194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.05.072.
Dewi, W. C. & Al-Ghofari, A. K. (2020). Analisis Beban Kerja dengan Metode Full Time Equivalent (FTE) untuk Menentukan Kebutuhan Operator Proses Pengemasan Kosmetik PT. XYZ. Prosiding Industrial Engineering National Conference (IENACO). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
https://proceedings.ums.ac.id/ienaco/issue/view/45
Dong, E., Zhao, M., & Wang, R. (2022). Research on the optimal number of equipment maintenance personnel in enterprises. Proc. SPIE 12303, International Conference on Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, and Computer Applications (CICA 2022). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2642632
Edi, G. S., Jabawidhiartha, M. Y. & Kuncoro, A. J. (2024). Analisis Beban Kerja Berdasarkan Metode Full Time Equivalent Untuk Penentuan Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja Secara Efektif. Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Industri Terapan, 3(2), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.55826/jtmit.v3i2.299
Erbiyik, H. (2022). Definition of Maintenance and Maintenance Types with Due Care on Preventive Maintenance. In G. L. Torres, E. L. Bonaldi & L. E. Oliveira (Eds.), Maintenance Management - Current Challenges, New Developments, and Future Directions. InTech Open.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106346
Frone, M. R. & Blais, A. R. (2020). Organizational Downsizing, Work Conditions, and Employee Outcomes: Identifying Targets for Workplace Intervention among Survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 719.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030719
Hamasha, M.M., Bani-Irshid, A.H., Al-Mashaqbeh, S., Shwaheen, G., Al-Qadri, L., Shbool, M., Muathen, D., Ababneh, M., Harfoush, S., Albedoor, Q. & Al-Bashir, A. (2023). Strategical selection of maintenance type under different conditions. Scientific Report, 13, 15560. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42751-5
Kustanti, K., Nurjannah, S. H. & Pratama, B. A. (2023). Analisis Perhitungan Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja di Bagian Pendaftaran Rawat Jalan Rawat Jalan dengan Menggunakan Metode Full Time Equivalent (FTE) di BBKPM Surakarta Periode Tahun 2019-2020. Indonesian Journal of Medical Science, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.55181/ijms.v10i2.450.
Mujtaba, B. G., & Senathip, T. (2020). Layoffs and Downsizing Implications for the Leadership Role of Human Resources. Journal of Service Science and Management, 13, 209-228.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2020.132014
Rahman, A., Alamsyah, M. & Anwar, R. (2023). Analisis Beban Kerja Karyawan Dengan Metode Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Pada Unit Pemupukan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Sebatik, 27(1), 9–15.
https://doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v27i1.2232
Thomas, D. (2018). The Costs and Benefits of Advanced Maintenance in Manufacturing. Advanced Manufacturing Series (NIST AMS). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-18
Thomas, D. & Weiss, B. (2020). Economics of Manufacturing Machinery Maintenance: A Survey and Analysis of U.S. Costs and Benefits. Advanced Manufacturing Series (NIST AMS). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-34
Utari, T., Wediawati, T. & Althalets, F. (2021). The Effect of Stress and Workload on Employee Performance in the Division Maintenance Department PT Indominco Mandiri in Bontang. Technium Social Science Journal, 22, 35-44.
Wijaya, A. R., Lundberg, J., & Kumar, U. (2012). Downtime analysis of a scaling machine. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 26(3), 244–260.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2011.603515
Wijaya, S. M., Nugraha, R. B. A. & Setiawan, E. A. (2024). Full Time Equivalent Sebagai Acuan Dalam Penentuan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja. Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Industri Terapan, 3(2), 125–133.
https://doi.org/10.55826/jtmit.v3i2.294
Yoon, Y. (2022), Need to downsize? Your future employees may like the idea of cutting pay more. Employee Relations, 44(2), 407-430.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Buletin Poltanesa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article is transferred to Buletin Poltanesa and Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda, when the article is accepted for publication. the authors transfer all and all rights into and to paper including but not limited to all copyrights in the Buletin Poltanesa. The author represents and warrants that the original is the original and that he/she is the author of this paper unless the material is clearly identified as the original source, with notification of the permission of the copyright owner if necessary.
A Copyright permission is obtained for material published elsewhere and who require permission for this reproduction. Furthermore, I / We hereby transfer the unlimited publication rights of the above paper to Poltanesa. Copyright transfer includes exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute articles, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microforms, electronic forms (offline, online), or other similar reproductions.
The author's mark is appropriate for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthor. This Agreement shall be signed by at least one author who has obtained the consent of the co-author (s) if applicable. After the submission of this agreement is signed by the author concerned, the amendment of the author or in the order of the author listed shall not be accepted.
