Geographic Information System of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Area Mapping in the City of Samarinda

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the main public health problems in Indonesia. This disease can threaten public health, efforts to prevent its spread need to be done. As the first step for prevention, it is necessary to do the mapping. Environmental factors have a major influence on the increase and transmission of mosquito-borne diseases such as DHF. The most influential factors include the physical environment consisting of rainfall, air humidity, and population density. The city of Samarinda itself has not maximized the DHF control program, because the government is less effective in mapping the DHF-vulnerable areas based on indicators of increasing cases over the last few years using spatial maps. Mapping the DHF area with the spatial method can maximize the implementation of the DHF control program, the implementation of the fogging program, and other DHF control programs. So to get this information, a geographical information system (GIS) is needed or commonly known as a geographic information system (GIS). This web-based geographic information system application for mapping dengue areas can display detailed information such as the address of the Public Health Center that provides information on the number of cases that occur in each sub-district and a polygon map showing which sub-district has the most cases. Keywords—Geographic Information System, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Environment.


I. INTRODUCTION
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the main public health problems in Indonesia (Kemenkes 2010). This disease can threaten public health, efforts to prevent its spread need to be done. As the first step for prevention, it is necessary to do the mapping. Environmental factors have a major influence on the increase and transmission of mosquito-borne diseases such as DHF. The most influential factors include the physical environment consisting of rainfall, humidity, and population density. The physical environment can directly affect the mosquito breeding habitat which is the origin of the cause of dengue disease (Roziqin and Hasdiyanti 2017).
The study area for this Dengue Fever case study is Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, which is located on the Mahakam River, which has led to developments in the economic, socio-cultural, agricultural fields, as well as the mobility of its people. These conditions have an impact on the environment and public health.
The city of Samarinda itself has not maximized the DHF control program, because the government is less effective in mapping dengue-prone areas based on indicators of increasing cases over the last few years using spatial maps (Syamsir, Daramusseng, and Rudiman 2020).
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a series of systems that utilize digital technology to perform spatial analysis such as analyzing the condition of an area to determine the actions that must be taken to deal with the disease. This Geographic Information System is designed to provide easy data storage for dengue fever sufferers, making it easier to identify and search (Information, Gis, and Kota 2015).
Making this map application using the Leaflet application and the data is presented in the form of spatial data and attributes that are displayed in the form of a map.
The purpose of this study is to create a web-based geographic information system (GIS) that can provide information on the number of dengue patients around the user's location. The expected result is that this GIS application can make it easier to provide information to the public, both from within and outside the city. About the number of dengue fever sufferers in the city of Samarinda.  Pedor, T. A., Karim, S., & Prasetya, F. A. S. (2021). Geographic of Information System of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Area Mapping in the City Of Samarinda Web-Based. TEPIAN, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.51967/tepian.v2i4.677

II. LITERATURE
Finally, Ristanto Kaunang, Wulan P J Pandelaki, A J, 2015 Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado entitled Mapping of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in North Minahasa Regency. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease found in the tropics with a geographic distribution similar to malaria. Dengue fever is caused to humans by the Aedes Asegypti mosquito. From the data from the Health Office of North Minahasa Regency in 2013, there were 129 patients who died as many as 3 people. Data from January 2014 as many as 66 patients (Faldy, Kaunang, and Pandelaki 2015).
Riska R. S, Ronald I. Otay, Wulan P. J. Kaunang, 2015 Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado entitled Mapping the Spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Kotamobagu City. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus from the bite of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito and sporadically it always becomes an Extraordinary Event (KLB) every year. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a series of systems that utilize digital technology to support the epidemiological investigation of dengue disease and also as a tool to monitor regional conditions for dengue disease (Information, Gis, and Kota 2015).
Arif Roziqin, Fitri Hasdiyanti, 2017 Batam State Polytechnic Geomatics Engineering Study Program entitled Regional Mapping of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) on Batam Island. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by a virus that is spread by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. This study aims to map the distribution of dengue fever areas on Batam Island. This study uses secondary data by providing attributes and assessments based on physical parameters that are considered to cause dengue fever. The parameters of DHF are rainfall, air humidity, and a population density which directly affect the habitat for the development of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Batam City in 2015 (Roziqin and Hasdiyanti 2017).
Veritawati, Ionia; Nova, Steffi; Mastra, Riadika, 2020 Informatics Engineering at Pancasila University Jakarta entitled Information System for Mapping Dengue Fever Disease Based on Geographic Information. One of the health problems that often occurs in Indonesia is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the public health problems in Indonesia which tends to spread widely and the rate of outbreaks is getting higher, even reaching extraordinary events. One of the cases is in the Bekasi district, especially in the South Tambun sub-district. To monitor the spread of the disease, it is necessary to build a web-based information system that provides information about mapping the spread of dengue fever (Veritawati, Ionia; Nova, Steffi; Mastra 2020).

A. Geographic Information System (GIS)
Geographic Information System (GIS) or Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computerbased information system, designed to work using data that has spatial information (spatial reference). Geographic information systems can capture, check, integrate, manipulate, analyze, and display data that are spatially referenced to the condition of the earth.

B. Dengue Fever
Quoted from research (Yuniarti, Sudarsono, and Wijaya 2014) Dengue fever (Dengue fever, DF) is a disease that mainly occurs in adolescents or adults, with clinical signs of fever, muscle aches, and/or joint pain accompanied by leukopenia. , with/without rash and lymphadenopathy, biphasic fever, severe headache, pain on eye movement, impaired taste, mild thrombocytopenia, and spontaneous petechiae.

C. Samarinda City
Samarinda City is the capital of East Kalimantan Province. The city of Samarinda is directly adjacent to the Kutai Kartanegara district which is one of the districts rich in natural resources and is one of the areas that contributes a lot of foreign exchange to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The area of Samarinda City is 718.00 km2 and is located between 117003'00" East Longitude and 117018"14" East Longitude and between 00019'02" South Latitude and 00042'34" South Latitude.

D. Leafleat
The leaflet is generally an open source javascript library that is useful for building web-based interactive map applications. Leaflet supports mobile platforms and desktop platforms, HTML5 and CSS3 as well as OpenLayer and Google Maps API which are javascript libraries for building map applications that are very popular today.

E. SUS (System Usability Scale) method
The SUS method is one of the most popular usability testing tools. SUS was developed by John Brooke in 1986. This SUS is a reliable, popular, effective, and inexpensive usability scale (Saputra 2019).

III. RESEARCH METHODS
This research was carried out within 6 months, starting from the preparation of the proposal until the completion of the research from October 2020 -March 2021. The place of research was carried out at the Samarinda City Health Service.
The tools used by hardware (hardware) and software applications (software) are as follows:

A. Research procedure
In this study, the stages of making a web-based geographic information system for the location of the Dengue Fever Region in Samarinda City used the waterfall method. The waterfall method or the so-called waterfall method where it describes a systematic and sequential approach in building a system, as in picture 1.

Problem Identification and Formulation
This stage is the initial step for research, namely the identification and formulation of the problem.
What problems arise in this research, and these problems are formulated as follows: a. How to provide information on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever to users? b. How to make a web-based geographic information system for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the city of Samarinda? 2. Literature Study and Data Collection The Literature Study carried out aims to make it easier to determine the data analysis method to be used based on previous research and data collection is the initial stage in carrying out the development process in the system to be created, while the data collection process is by submitting a referral letter to the Samarinda City Health Office to get the amount Information on DHF sufferers and make a questionnaire.

Data Analysis and Map Overlay
The data analysis carried out here determines what kind of data I will input into the system and the overlay is used to display a digital map along with its attributes and produce several combined maps that have attribute information from several of these maps.

Design
System Design helps in hardware, system requirements and also helps in defining the overall system architecture.

System Build
Making a system that is carried out to create a mapping information system application with the web that runs well. Making this system is the main stage because at this stage the system development process can solve problems and process the data that has been collected. At this stage, the process of the design results that have been made is implemented. 6. Testing At this stage, the system testing process is carried out to find out whether the system is running well or not, if there is a problem with the system, a redesign of the system will be carried out to fix the problems that occur.

Validation
At this stage, a validation process is carried out which consists of: a. Data Authenticity At this stage is checking and matching the data whether it is appropriate or not. b. Application At this stage, it is done to find out whether the application made has provided benefits and convenience to the user by conducting a questionnaire.

B. System Design
The following is a web-based design of the application system for the geographic information system TEPIAN Vol. 2 No. 4 (December 2021) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 Pedor, T. A., Karim, S., & Prasetya, F. A. S. (2021). Geographic of Information System of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Area Mapping in the City Of Samarinda Web-Based. TEPIAN, 2(4 Picture 3. DFD Level 1 a. Admin tasks as follows: 1) The admin inputs the admin data username and password which is used as a login account by the admin and will be processed by the login system and then forwarded to the admin data store. 2) Admin manages the appearance of the homepage design and adds detailed information about DHF so that users can better understand and understand the information. 3) Admin inputs, edits, deletes, and updates spatial and non-spatial data, and then it will be processed by the DHF map system and will be continued into spatial and non-spatial data stores. TEPIAN Vol. 2 No. 4 (December 2021) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 Pedor, T. A., Karim, S., & Prasetya, F. A. S. (2021